This study introduces a GPU-based parallel computing approach that combines the phase-field model (PF) and the lattice Boltzmann model (LBM). By establishing a coupled multiphase field model incorporating physical external fields such as flow field, temperature field, and solute field, the research simulates the growth of single grains and multiple grains under the influence of natural convection. The variations in dendritic morphology, flow field, and solute field during dendritic solidification processes are observed. Initially, the study analyzes the morphology of equiaxed dendrites and the growth patterns of primary dendrites arms under natural convection conditions. The evolution of equiaxed dendrites in single grains and multiple grains under various conditions is investigated. Furthermore, the study explores the impact of different anisotropy strengths on the growth of single grains and multiple grains under natural convection. Notably, a distinct “necking” phenomenon is observed when the anisotropy strength of a single grain is 0.05. In the case of multiple grains, where competition between dendrites is present in addition to the influence of natural convection, a pronounced “necking” phenomenon is evident at an anisotropy strength of 0.03. Moreover, OpenCL parallel technology is designed on the GPU platform to accelerate the solution of the model. The parallelization of the phase-field model coupled with the LBM model on the GPU demonstrates a clear advantage. The parallel computation based on GPU not only exhibits absolute superiority but also shows more significant acceleration effects as the computational domain increases.
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