In this retrospective study, records of all patients aged one month to 12 years who presented with acute renal failure (ARF) between May 2005 and August 2010 were retrieved. Clinical details, biochemistry, need for renal replacement therapy (RRT), cause of ARF and outcome at discharge were recorded. During this period, 230 children presented with ARF; their median age at presentation was 30 months (range: five-144 months); 120 (52.2%) were males. The causes of ARF were acute tubular necrosis (ATN) in 121 (52.6%), glomerular disorders in 5.7%, structural anomalies of the urinary tract in 9.6% and hemolytic uremic syndrome in 27 (11.7%). The mean duration of hospital stay was 17.8 ± 7.6 days. RRT was required for 54 patients (23.6%); peritoneal dialysis in 49 and hemodialysis in five patients. Complete recovery was noted in 99 study patients (43.2%) and sequelae remained in 84 patients (36.7%). Forty-six patients (20.1%) with ARF died. ATN secondary to septicemia was the most common cause of ARF in our study.
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