Objectives: The primary aim of this study is to discern the association between specific clinical parameters and low muscle mass (LMM). We endeavor to elucidate the determinants of LMM and the predictive potency of individual factors. Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we encompassed 450 older adult Chinese participants (252 males and 198 females). Muscle mass quantifications were performed using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Comprehensive data encompassing demographic details (age, sex, height, and weight) and laboratory results (complete blood count, thyroid function, liver function, and renal function) were systematically recorded. Logistic regression models, coupled with receiver operating characteristic curve analytics, were employed to ascertain the variables influencing LMM and to evaluate the predictive validity of each parameter on LMM. Results: Upon confounding adjustment for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and free thyroxine (FT4) persisted as a determinant of LMM. Specifically, individuals with an FT4 exceeding 1.105 ng/dL exhibited a 1.803-fold increased propensity for LMM relative to those with FT4 values below the specified threshold. Incorporating age, gender, BMI, and FT4 in the diagnostic algorithm enhanced the precision of LMM. The results differ between men and women. In the male population, we can still observe that FT4 has a certain value in the diagnosis of LMM, but this phenomenon is not found in the female population. Conclusions: Elevated FT4 concentrations, albeit within clinically accepted limits, are inversely associated with muscle mass. As such, FT4 could be postulated as a potential biomarker for LMM in geriatric individuals, especially in the male group.
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