Background Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is an important cause of death in preterm infants, which needs to be constantly strengthened in clinical prevention and treatment, but the relationship of umbilical cord blood vitamin A and E levels with the development of RDS in preterm infants has been rarely reported. Objective To investigate the relationship of vitamin A and E levels in umbilical cord blood with RDS in preterm infants. Methods A total of 304 preterm infants in the Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang from January 2021 to January 2022 were selected and divided into the RDS group (n=120) and non-RDS group (n=184) according to the incidence of RDS. Clinical features that may be related to the occurrence of RDS in preterm infants were collected, vitamin A and E levels in umbilical cord blood were detected. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of the occurrence and severity of RDS in preterm infants. Results The gestational age, birth weight, vitamin A and E levels in umbilical cord blood of preterm infants in the RDS group were lower than those in the non-RDS group, the proportions of newborn's Apgar score in one-minute≤7, newborn's Apgar score in five-minute≤7, and incidence of vitamin A deficiency were higher in the RDS group than those in the non-RDS group (P
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