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Development and Validation of Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Simultaneous Determination of Tramadol and Its Phase I and II Metabolites in Human Urine

التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
العنوان: Development and Validation of Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Simultaneous Determination of Tramadol and Its Phase I and II Metabolites in Human Urine
المؤلفون: Varsha Chauhan, Manu Sharma, Abhishek Tiwari, Varsha Tiwari, Manish Kumar, Tarun Virmani, Girish Kumar, Najla Altwaijry, Omkulthom Al kamaly, Asmaa Saleh, Abdulsalam Alhalmi
المصدر: Separations, Vol 10, Iss 6, p 365 (2023)
بيانات النشر: MDPI AG, 2023.
سنة النشر: 2023
المجموعة: LCC:Physics
LCC:Chemistry
مصطلحات موضوعية: Tramadol, metabolites, achiral, tandem mass spectrometry, toxicology, urine matrix, Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
الوصف: Tramadol (TD) has been prescribed frequently in many countries for more than 40 years, but there is a risk of its misuse and trafficking. As a result, drug analysis has numerous legal and socially relevant implications, making it an essential part of modern analytical chemistry. Thus, the method for the detection of TD and its phase I and phase II metabolites in human urine has been developed and validated using a rapid and efficient approach combining liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with electrospray ionization. The sample preparation was best performed using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction. Analysis was performed using an HyPRITY Cl8 column, and isocratic elution with methanol: water (35:65) with 0.2% formic acid was used. TD and its metabolites were detected at 264.2 (TD/M0) with a base peak at 58.2, 250.3758 (M1), 250.3124 (M2), 236.3976 (M3), 222.5361 (M4), and 236.4475 (M5) m/z peaks. TD showed linearity between 0.1 and 160 ng/mL (R2 = 0.9981). The accuracy ranged from 95.56 to 100.21% for the three concentration levels, while the between- and within-day RSD ranged from 1.58 to 3.92%. The absolute TD recovery was 96.29, 96.91, and 94.31% for the concentrations of 5, 50, and 150 ng/mL, respectively. TD’s phase I metabolites, M1–5 along with nine phase II metabolites, such as sulfo- and glucurono-conjugated metabolites, oxidative TD derivatives, and sulfo-conjugated metabolites were also identified in the urine samples. The pharmacokinetics and metabolism data given provide information for the design of possible future research disorders, evaluating drug mechanism and neurotoxicity and for the effective application screening of TD.
نوع الوثيقة: article
وصف الملف: electronic resource
اللغة: English
تدمد: 2297-8739
Relation: https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/10/6/365; https://doaj.org/toc/2297-8739
DOI: 10.3390/separations10060365
URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/e83c8a1300634182968a321598439854
رقم الأكسشن: edsdoj.83c8a1300634182968a321598439854
قاعدة البيانات: Directory of Open Access Journals
الوصف
تدمد:22978739
DOI:10.3390/separations10060365