As sources of natural products, medicinal plants bear a great interest for researcher in recent decades and this interest has increased considerably in finding naturally occurring antioxidant and antineoplastic compounds. Kaempferia galangal Linn., is an important member of medicinal flora available in Bangladesh and used traditionally for the prevention of numerous diseases. The present study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and antineoplastic activities of methanol extract of Kaempferia galanga rhizome (MEKGR). In vitro models and MTT assays were used to determine the antioxidant and in vitro antineoplastic properties of MEKGR. Antineoplastic effect of MEKGR against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) were assessed in vivo by evaluating the viable tumor cell count, survival time, body weight gain due to tumor burden, observing morphological changes and nuclear damage of EAC cells by fluorescence microscope and estimating hematological profiles of experimental mice. Chemical composition was also analyzed by GC–MS. Treatment with MEKGR significantly (p
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