Bias correction is a key prerequisite for radiance data assimilation. Directly assimilating the radiance observations generally involves large systematic biases affecting the numerical prediction accuracy. In this study, a nonlinear bias correction scheme with Random Forest (RF) technology is firstly proposed based on the Fengyun-4A (FY-4A) Advanced Geosynchronous Radiation Imager (AGRI) channels 9–10 observations in the Weather Research and Forecasting Data Assimilation (WRFDA) system. Two different settings of the predictors are additionally designed and evaluated based on the performance of the RF model. It seems that an apparent scene temperature-dependent bias could be effectively resolved by the RF scheme when applying the RF method with newly added predictors. Results suggest that the proposed nonlinear scheme of RF performs better than the linear scheme does in terms of reducing the systematic biases. A more idealized error distribution of observation minus background (OMB) is found in the RF-based experiments that measure the nonlinear relationship between the OMB biases and the predictors when using the Gaussian distribution as the reference. Furthermore, the RF scheme shows a consistent improvement in bias correction with the potential to ameliorate the atmospheric variables of analyses.
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