Relationships among phthalate exposure, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance in young military soldiers: A cumulative risk assessment and mediation approach
التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
العنوان:
Relationships among phthalate exposure, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance in young military soldiers: A cumulative risk assessment and mediation approach
Background: Epidemiological studies concerning whether oxidative stress mediates phthalate exposure–insulin resistance (IR) associations in young adults are limited. Therefore, we investigated this potential mediation by using a cumulative risk approach involving daily intake (DI) and a hazard index (HIRfD). Methods: The participants were 391 Taiwanese military personnel. This study measured their IR (as homeostatic model assessment of estimated IR [HOMA-IR]), levels of oxidative stress biomarkers (8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, 8-nitroguanine, 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α, and N-acetyl-S-[tetrahydro-5-hydroxy-2-pentyl-3-furanyl]-L-cysteine [HNE-MA]), the sum of these four biomarkers (ΣOS), and urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations. The HIRfD was estimated on the basis of urinary levels of phthalate metabolite, and the DI of five phthalates was determined: dimethyl phthalate, benzyl butyl phthalate (BBzP), diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). Logistic regression models were employed to explore associations among DI, HIRfD, oxidative stress biomarkers, and HOMA-IR values. The role played by oxidative stress in the phthalate exposure–HOMA-IR association was determined using mediation analysis. Results: We discovered positive associations between high DI of DBP, BBzP, and DEHP; high HIRfD; and high ΣOS. High ΣOS and HNE-MA were associated with a higher likelihood of a high HOMA-IR value. Mediation analysis indicated that high ΣOS and HNE-MA were significant mediators of the associations between phthalates and IR. Conclusion: Oxidative stress may partially mediate the phthalate–IR relationship in young adults.
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