Abstract Data security is a key feature of future communications networks. Physical layer introduces rich physical mechanisms to increase the complexity of deciphering and provides extensive protection, but faces challenges in compatibility with commercial systems. Quantum noise stream cipher (QNSC) has been proposed as a promising solution to overcome this problem by fusing the stream cryptography regime with the quantum noise masking physical mechanism. However, it has limitations in terms of digital to analog conversion and clock data synchronization of ultra-high-order ciphertext as well as flexible control of masking noise. Here we report a 147.9-Gbps device-compatible quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) QNSC secure scheme over 75-km fiber. Thanks to delta-sigma modulator, the transmission of 220 × 220-order QAM-QNSC signal are established through the low-order digital signal. We develop a theoretical model for flexibly regulating the transmission rate and security performance. Broadband optical chaos introduces true randomness and acts on the masking noise.
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