Abstract Background Assessing and monitoring intrinsic capacity (IC) is an effective strategy to promote healthy ageing by intervening early in high-risk populations. This review systematically analyzed the global detection rates of IC deficits and explored variations across diverse populations and data collection methods. Methods This study was preregistered with PROSPERO, CRD42023477315. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we systematically searched ten databases from January 2015 to October 2023, for peer-reviewed, observational studies or baseline survey of trials that assessed IC deficits among older adults aged 50 and above globally following the condition, context and population approach. The main outcome was intrinsic capacity deficits which could be assessed by any tools. Meta-analyses were performed by a random-effect model to pool the detection rates across studies and subgroup analyses were conducted by populations and data collection methods. Results Fifty-six studies conducted in 13 countries were included in the review and 44 studies with detection rates of IC were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled detection rate of IC deficits was 72.0% (65.2%-78.8%) and deficits were most detected in sensory (49.3%), followed by locomotion (40.0%), cognition (33.1%), psychology (21.9%), and vitality (20.1%). Variations in detection rates of IC deficits were observed across studies, with higher rates observed in low- and middle-income countries (74.0%) and hyper-aged societies (85.0%). Study population and measurement tools also explained the high heterogeneity across studies. Conclusion IC deficits are common among older adults, while heterogeneity exists across populations and by measurement. Early monitoring with standardized tools and early intervention on specific subdomains of IC deficits are greatly needed for effective strategies to promote healthy ageing.
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