Lignocellulose biorefinery via continuous cell-recycle fermentation has long been recognized as a promising alternative technique for producing chemicals. ᴅ-lactic acid (D-LA) production by fermentation of corn stover by Lactobacillus bulgaricus was proven to be feasible by a previous study. However, the phenolic compounds and the high glucose content in this substrate may inhibit cell growth. The immobilization of cells in polymer hydrogels can protect them from toxic compounds in the medium and improve fermentation efficiency. Here, we studied the production of D-LA by L. bulgaricus cells immobilized in cross-linkable F127 bis-polyurethane methacrylate (F127-BUM/T15). The Hencky stress and Hencky strain of F127-BUM/T15 was 159.11 KPa and 0.646 respectively. When immobilized and free-living cells were cultured in media containing 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, vanillin, or high glucose concentrations, the immobilized cells were more tolerant, produced higher D-LA yields, and had higher sugar-to-acid conversion ratios. After 100 days of fermentation, the total D-LA production via immobilized cells was 1982.97 ± 1.81 g with a yield of 2.68 ± 0.48 g/L h, which was higher than that of free cells (0.625 ± 0.28 g/L h). This study demonstrated that F127-BUM/T15 has excellent potential for application in the biorefinery industry.
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