Abstract The aim of this systematic review study is to summarize the current knowledge of ovarian tissue transplantation and provide insight on ovarian function, fertility and reproductive outcome following ovarian tissue transplantation. Relevant studies were identified by searching through PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, ProQuest, and Scopus databases until August 2018. Ovarian function by examination of the hormonal level was evaluated, together with follicular growth, the return of menstrual cycle and assessment of reproductive consequences: pregnancy, miscarriage rates and live birth after transplantation. Studies including female patients aged between 22 and 49 years that were subjected to ovarian tissue transplantation were considered. A total of 1185 studies were identified in the primary search. Titles and abstracts were screened for assessment of the inclusion criteria. Finally, twenty-five articles met the criteria and were included in this study. In general, 70% of patients that underwent ovarian tissue transplantation had ovarian and endocrine function restoration as well as follicular growth. Pregnancy was reported with 52% of the patients. The available evidence suggests that ovarian tissue transplantation is a useful and an applied approach to restore hormonal function, endocrine balance and eventually fertility outcomes in patients that are predisposed to lose their fertility, diagnosed with premature ovarian failure (POF), as well as women undergoing cancer treatments. Identification of the techniques with the lowest invasions for follicular and oocyte development after ovarian tissue transplantation aiming to reduce probable adverse effects after treatment is indispensable.
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