Background and objectives: The aim of our study is to compare the effects of sugammadex and neostigmine, used for neuromuscular blockage antagonism, on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Methods: Our study was completed with 98 ASA I-II risk patients undergoing endotracheal intubation under general anesthesia. At the end of the surgery patients were randomly divided into two groups given 2 mg kg−1 sugammadex (Group S) or 50 μg kg−1 neostigmine plus 0.2 mg kg−1 atropine (Group N). Monitoring and recording times were set as 1 hour postoperative and from 1–6, 6–12, and 12–24 hours. The anti-emetic amounts administered were recorded. Results: In the first hour postoperative 13 patients in Group N (27%) and 4 in Group S (8%) were observed to have nausea and/or vomiting and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.0016). During the 24 hours of monitoring there was no significant difference in the incidence and severity of PONV (p > 0.05), however the number of patients given ondansetron for PONV treatment in Group N was statistically significantly higher than the number in Group S (16 in Group N, 6 in Group S, p 0,05) durante as 24 horas de monitoração, porém o número de pacientes que recebeu ondansetron para o tratamento de NVPO no Grupo N foi estatística e significativamente maior que o número de pacientes no Grupo S (16 e 6, respectivamente, p
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