One valuable strategy for minimizing the harmful impacts of using traditional techniques is to use green synthesis. This review focuses on the mechanism behind CuO NP’s antibacterial activity and provides some basic information concerning the environmentally friendly synthesis of CuO NPs. Biomolecules in the plant extract help to turn metal ions into nanoparticles in a one-step, eco-friendly synthesis process. The large variety of metabolites found in natural plant extracts includes flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolic chemicals, and enzymes. Many different types have been taken apart and used in the synthesis of CuO. Green-synthesized nanoparticles eliminate the need for a stabilizing and capping agent, and they showed effective antibacterial activity depending on their shape and size. Here, we discussed certain plant extracts utilized to synthesize CuO NPs, characterization methods, and antibacterial applications. CuO NPs are valuable in the pharmaceutical industry because they have strong bacteria-killing properties. In essence, this review provides a method for better understanding the antibacterial medication potential of CuO NPs through the design and analysis of probable antibacterial mechanisms.
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