دورية أكاديمية
Ammonia Emissions in the United States, European Union, and China Derived by High-Resolution Inversion of Ammonium Wet Deposition Data: Interpretation with a New Agricultural Emissions Inventory (MASAGE_NH3)
| العنوان: | Ammonia Emissions in the United States, European Union, and China Derived by High-Resolution Inversion of Ammonium Wet Deposition Data: Interpretation with a New Agricultural Emissions Inventory (MASAGE_NH3) |
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| المؤلفون: | Paulot, F., Jacob, Daniel James, Pinder, R. W., Bash, J. O., Travis, Katherine Rose, Henze, D. K. |
| المصدر: | Paulot, F., Daniel James Jacob, R. W. Pinder, J. O. Bash, Katherine Rose Travis, and D. K. Henze. 2014. “Ammonia Emissions in the United States, European Union, and China Derived by High-Resolution Inversion of Ammonium Wet Deposition Data: Interpretation with a New Agricultural Emissions Inventory (MASAGE_NH3).” Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 119 (7) (April 9): 4343–4364. doi:10.1002/2013jd021130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013JD021130. |
| بيانات النشر: | Wiley-Blackwell, 2014. |
| سنة النشر: | 2014 |
| المجموعة: | FAS Scholarly Articles |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | ammonia, emission inventory, agriculture, inverse method |
| الوصف: | We use the adjoint of a global 3-D chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to optimize ammonia \((NH_3)\) emissions in the U.S., European Union, and China by inversion of 2005–2008 network data for \(NH^+_4\) wet deposition fluxes. Optimized emissions are derived on a 2° × 2.5° grid for individual months and years. Error characterization in the optimization includes model errors in precipitation. Annual optimized emissions are \(2.8 Tg NH_3−N a^{−1}\) for the contiguous U.S., \(3.1 Tg NH_3−N a^{−1}\) for the European Union, and \(8.4 Tg NH_3−N a^{−1}\) for China. Comparisons to previous inventories for the U.S. and European Union show consistency \((\sim \pm 15%)\) in annual totals but some large spatial and seasonal differences. We develop a new global bottom-up inventory of \(NH_3\) emissions (Magnitude And Seasonality of Agricultural Emissions model for NH3 (MASAGE_NH3)) to interpret the results of the adjoint optimization. MASAGE_NH3 provides information on the magnitude and seasonality of \(NH_3\) emissions from individual crop and livestock sources on a 0.5° × 0.5° grid. We find that U.S. emissions peak in the spring in the Midwest due to corn fertilization and in the summer elsewhere due to manure. The seasonality of European emissions is more homogeneous with a well-defined maximum in spring associated with manure and mineral fertilizer application. There is some evidence for the effect of European regulations of \(NH_3\) emissions, notably a large fall decrease in northern Europe. Emissions in China peak in summer because of the summertime application of fertilizer for double cropping. Engineering and Applied Sciences |
| نوع الوثيقة: | Journal Article |
| اللغة: | English |
| تدمد: | 2169-897X 2169-8996 |
| Relation: | http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usepapapers/229; Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |
| DOI: | 10.1002/2013JD021130 |
| URL الوصول: | http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:13792759 |
| حقوق: | open |
| رقم الأكسشن: | edshld.1.13792759 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) |
Full Text Finder | تدمد: | 2169897X 21698996 |
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| DOI: | 10.1002/2013JD021130 |