تقرير
Electroactive ZnO: Mechanisms, Conductivity, and Advances in Zn Alkaline Battery Cycling
| العنوان: | Electroactive ZnO: Mechanisms, Conductivity, and Advances in Zn Alkaline Battery Cycling |
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| المؤلفون: | Brendan E. Hawkins, Damon E. Turney, Robert J. Messinger, Andrew M. Kiss, Gautam G. Yadav, Sanjoy Banerjee, Timothy N. Lambert |
| المصدر: | Advanced Energy Materials. 12(15) |
| بيانات النشر: | United States: NASA Center for Aerospace Information (CASI), 2022. |
| سنة النشر: | 2022 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | Chemistry and Materials (General) |
| الوصف: | Zinc oxide is of great interest for advanced energy devices because of its low cost, wide direct bandgap, non-toxicity, and facile electrochemistry. In zinc alkaline batteries, ZnO plays a critical role in electrode passivation, a process that hinders commercialization and remains poorly understood. Here, novel observations of an electroactive type of ZnO formed in Zn-metal alkaline electrodes are disclosed. The electrical conductivity of battery-formed ZnO is measured and found to vary by factors of up to 104, which provides a first-principles-based understanding of Zn passivation in industrial alkaline batteries. Simultaneous with this conductivity change, protons are inserted into the crystal structure and electrons are inserted into the conduction band in quantities up to ≈1020 cm−3 and ≈1 mAh gZnO−1. Electron insertion causes blue electrochromic coloration with efficiencies and rates competitive with leading electrochromic materials. The electroactivity of ZnO is evidently enabled by rapid crystal growth, which forms defects that complex with inserted cations, charge-balanced by the increase of conduction band electrons. This property distinguishes electroactive ZnO from inactive classical ZnO. Knowledge of this phenomenon is applied to improve cycling performance of industrial-design electrodes at 50% zinc utilization and the authors propose other uses for ZnO such as electrochromic devices. |
| نوع الوثيقة: | Report |
| اللغة: | English |
| تدمد: | 1614-6840 1614-6832 |
| DOI: | 10.1002/aenm.202103294 |
| URL الوصول: | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20230018585 |
| ملاحظات: | 80NSSC19M0199 DE-NA-0003525 DE-SC0012704 |
| رقم الأكسشن: | edsnas.20230018585 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | NASA Technical Reports |
Full Text Finder | تدمد: | 16146840 16146832 |
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| DOI: | 10.1002/aenm.202103294 |