التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
| العنوان: |
State‐level social safety nets for families coping with job loss |
| المؤلفون: |
Megan M. Reynolds, Ashley M. Fox, Yvette Young |
| المصدر: |
John Wiley & Sons, Poverty & Public Policy. 13(2):121-138 |
| سنة النشر: |
2021 |
| الوصف: |
Critics of the modern American welfare state allege that safety net benefits discourage work by providing sufficient resources to replace earned income. Yet, research in social policy has long depicted the US safety net as parsimonious and inadequate relative to its European counterparts, even when considering benefits from programs that reward favorable work histories. Other theories predict variability across states and regional clustering even amid low overall spending. Moreover, the recent COVID‐19 outbreak has exposed the insufficiency and lack of resilience of the major US safety nets in the face of unprecedented unemployment. This study examines the benefit expenditures on three safety net programs available to American families with recently unemployed breadwinners—Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, and Unemployment Insurance—as a proportion of median annual income for a given state‐year between 1997 and 2017. We examine the overall spending as well as variability and clustering across states. We find that the average benefit expenditure comprises only 42% of median income, and while there is substantial variability around this average, only one state is above 78%. We also find that spending levels appear to be regionally clustered. We conclude that safety nets for the recently unemployed and their families are weak relative to earned income and that the extent of this weakness varies by state, with some regional patterning. 关于现代美国福利制度的批判认为，社会安全网通过提供充足资源代替收入，阻碍了受助者参与工作。不过，社会政策研究长期以来将美国的社会安全网描述为吝啬和不完善的(与欧洲国家相比)，甚至当把那些带来良好工作的社保计划考虑在内时也是如此。其他理论预测了各州存在的差异和区域聚集性（regional clustering），甚至是总体开支较低的情况下。此外，近期新冠肺炎（COVID‐19）爆发已暴露了美国主要社会安全网在面临前所未有的失业形势时所展现的不足性和复原力欠缺。本研究将1997‐2017年间各州对失业美国家庭提供的三项社会安全网计划的福利开支作为年收入中值的一部分加以分析，这三项安全网计划分别为贫困家庭临时援助计划、补充营养援助计划和失业保险。我们分析了各州的总开支、差异和聚集性。我们发现，各州平均福利支出仅占收入中值的42%，并且虽然这一平均值存在大量差异，但仅有一州的福利支出超过了收入中值的78%。我们还发现，福利开支程度似乎具有区域聚集性。我们的结论认为，相对于收入而言，社会安全网给近期失业者及其家庭的帮助是较弱的，各州在这方面的帮助程度也有差异，并存在一些区域模式。 L |
| نوع الوثيقة: |
redif-article |
| اللغة: |
English |
| DOI: |
10.1002/pop4.305 |
| الإتاحة: |
https://ideas.repec.org/a/wly/povpop/v13y2021i2p121-138.html |
| رقم الأكسشن: |
edsrep.a.wly.povpop.v13y2021i2p121.138 |
| قاعدة البيانات: |
RePEc |
