دورية أكاديمية
Coherent Category Training Enhances Generalization in Prototype-Based Categories
| العنوان: | Coherent Category Training Enhances Generalization in Prototype-Based Categories |
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| اللغة: | English |
| المؤلفون: | Caitlin R. Bowman (ORCID |
| المصدر: | Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. 2023 49(12):1923-1942. |
| الإتاحة: | American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org |
| Peer Reviewed: | Y |
| Page Count: | 20 |
| تاريخ النشر: | 2023 |
| Sponsoring Agency: | National Institute on Aging (NIA) (DHHS/NIH) National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) (DHHS/NIH) |
| Contract Number: | F32AG054204 R01NS112366 |
| نوع الوثيقة: | Journal Articles Reports - Research |
| Education Level: | Higher Education Postsecondary Education |
| Descriptors: | Classification, Learning Processes, Generalization, Recognition (Psychology), Memory, Models, Experimental Psychology, Concept Formation, College Students, Accuracy |
| مصطلحات جغرافية: | Oregon |
| DOI: | 10.1037/xlm0001243 |
| تدمد: | 0278-7393 1939-1285 |
| مستخلص: | A major question for the study of learning and memory is how to tailor learning experiences to promote knowledge that generalizes to new situations. In two experiments, we used category learning as a representative domain to test two factors thought to influence the acquisition of conceptual knowledge: the number of training examples (set size) and the similarity of training examples to the category average (set coherence). Across participants, size and coherence of category training sets were varied in a fully crossed design. After training, participants demonstrated the breadth of their category knowledge by categorizing novel examples varying in their distance from the category center. Results showed better generalization following more coherent training sets, even when categorizing items furthest from the category center. Training set size had limited effects on performance. We also tested the types of representations underlying categorization decisions by fitting formal prototype and exemplar models. Prototype models posit abstract category representations based on the category's central tendency, whereas exemplar models posit that categories are represented by individual category members. In Experiment 1, low coherence training led to fewer participants relying on prototype representations, except when training length was extended. In Experiment 2, low coherence training led to chance performance and no clear representational strategy for nearly half of the participants. The results indicate that highlighting commonalities among exemplars during training facilitates learning and generalization and may also affect the types of concept representations that individuals form. |
| Abstractor: | As Provided |
| Entry Date: | 2024 |
| رقم الأكسشن: | EJ1405224 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | ERIC |
| تدمد: | 0278-7393 1939-1285 |
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| DOI: | 10.1037/xlm0001243 |