التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
| العنوان: |
Defeat of the Ottomans at Vienna. |
| المؤلفون: |
Baxter, Douglas Clark |
| المصدر: |
Salem Press Encyclopedia, 2022. 3p. |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: |
Siege of Vienna, 1683, Seventeenth century, Europe-Turkey relations, Turkish military history |
| مستخلص: |
By the mid-seventeenth century, few Europeans perceived Ottoman decline. Originating as a fierce, expansionist warrior state reaching its high point under Süleyman the Magnificent, who ruled from 1520 to 1566, the Ottoman Empire still dominated the Middle East and the Balkans. Various complex internal changes had taken place, however, including a decline in quality of the sultans, or rulers; deterioration in the tāmār system of fiefs; support of the traditional Turkish cavalry, the sipahi; and erosion of obedience and discipline within state service by the admission of other subjects to the positions formerly monopolized by a slave class recruited from the famous “boy tax” on Christian villagers in the Balkans. |
| قاعدة البيانات: |
Research Starters |
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